First dollar coverage is an insurance arrangement where the insurer pays claims from the very first dollar of loss, with no deductible required from you. You file a claim and the insurer covers it in full from zero. This contrasts with standard policies where you absorb an initial amount before the insurer's obligation begins. Workers' compensation insurance, some employer-sponsored health plans, and certain commercial property programs use first dollar coverage when eliminating out-of-pocket exposure is the priority.
The trade-off is direct: eliminating the deductible increases your premium because the insurer now absorbs small frequent losses you previously covered yourself.
Workers' compensation in most U.S. states has historically operated on a first dollar basis. The moment an employee is injured on the job, the insurer covers medical costs and lost wages from dollar one, with no deductible required from the employer or employee.
Health insurance first dollar coverage also became relevant after the Affordable Care Act required certain preventive services to be covered without cost-sharing. Vaccinations, cancer screenings, and annual wellness visits in ACA-compliant plans must be covered without a deductible or copay, regardless of whether you have met your annual deductible for other services.
When you bear no initial cost, you have less financial reason to prevent losses or shop carefully for services. That behavioral response is predictable and priced in. Insurers charge more for first dollar coverage than the simple expected value of the deductible would suggest, precisely because removing cost-sharing increases claim frequency and utilization.
Employers offering first dollar health coverage consistently see higher total benefit spend per member than employers using high-deductible designs. Benefits consultants model this trade-off every time they structure an employer plan, and the difference is not marginal.