A Follow-on Public Offer is a public sale of additional shares by a company that is already listed on a stock exchange. It allows an existing public company to raise fresh capital from investors after its initial listing. Because the company already has a trading price and an established investor base, the pricing process is faster and the regulatory burden is lower than an initial public offering. New shares are sold at a discount to the current market price to compensate buyers for the dilution they will experience.
The structure determines who receives the proceeds. This distinction matters whether you are a company raising capital or an investor deciding whether to participate.
Companies reaching for capital can choose from a Follow-on Offer, a rights issue, a private placement, or bank borrowing. Each option involves different cost, speed, and dilution trade-offs.
A Follow-on Offer suits situations where you want to broaden your shareholder base, increase public float, or raise large sums without negotiating individually with each investor. A rights issue gives existing shareholders the first chance to buy new shares, preserving their proportional ownership. A Follow-on Offer does not extend that preference, which makes it more immediately dilutive to current holders but faster and simpler to execute at scale.
Investment banks managing the transaction run a book-building process where institutional investors submit bids at various price levels during the subscription window. The final price is typically set at a 5% to 10% discount to the prevailing market price to ensure sufficient demand and guarantee the offering is fully subscribed.
A wider discount signals weak demand or an issuer that needs to work harder to attract buyers. A tight discount signals strong investor confidence in the business.
| Follow-on Public Offer | IPO | |
|---|---|---|
| Company Status | Already publicly listed | Going public for the first time |
| Price Reference | Discount to existing market price | Determined through full book-building from scratch |
| Investor Familiarity | High; company has a trading history and prior filings | Low; investors rely primarily on the prospectus |
| Cost and Complexity | Lower; existing disclosure infrastructure is already in place | Higher; full regulatory review from baseline |