Liability insurance covers you financially when you are legally responsible for causing injury to another person or damage to their property. The policy pays for the injured party's medical bills, repair costs, and legal defense expenses. It does not pay for your own injuries or damages. The coverage protects third parties from your mistakes, and protects your assets from the lawsuits that follow.
Whether you need it for your home, your vehicle, or your business depends on the risk that activity creates for others. Most people already carry some form of liability insurance without realizing it, bundled inside their homeowners, renters, or auto insurance policy.
Commercial General Liability (CGL) insurance is the baseline business policy. It covers four categories of claims: bodily injury, property damage, personal injury such as libel or slander, and false or misleading advertising.
Think of it as the policy that handles everything that happens to someone else because of your business operations.
If a customer slips on your floor, your CGL pays their medical expenses and covers your legal defense. If a landscaping crew breaks a client's window, CGL covers the repair. CGL does not cover your employees for work injuries. Workers' compensation handles that separately.
Also called Errors and Omissions insurance, professional liability covers claims that your business made a mistake in the services you provided. Attorneys, accountants, consultants, architects, and technology firms all carry this coverage.
If a client sues you claiming your financial advice lost them money, general liability does not cover that claim. Professional liability does.
Your homeowners or renters insurance typically includes personal liability coverage for incidents on your property. Your auto policy includes bodily injury and property damage liability for accidents you cause while driving.
Personal liability coverage often extends globally. If you accidentally injure someone while traveling, your homeowners policy may still respond to the claim, depending on the circumstances and policy terms.
An umbrella policy activates after your underlying auto or homeowners liability coverage reaches its limit. If a serious accident produces a $2 million judgment and your auto policy caps at $300,000, the umbrella covers the gap.
Coverage limits on umbrella policies typically range from $1 million to $5 million. They are relatively inexpensive because they sit above your primary coverage and only pay after it is exhausted.
Insurers price liability coverage based on how likely you are to generate claims and how large those claims might be. A construction company pays more for CGL than a software firm because the physical worksite creates more third-party injury exposure. A physician's practice pays more for professional liability than a freelance writer because a medical error carries higher damages than a copy mistake.