A nested blockchain builds blockchains in layers so they can share work. The main blockchain, known as the parent chain, sets the rules and security. Below it are one or more child chains that handle most daily tasks. This structure lets the system process more transactions while keeping one shared record.
You can picture the system like a family tree. The parent chain is the main ledger. Child chains are smaller ledgers that run their own blocks and decide how to agree on changes. They report back to the parent chain, so all records stay connected. Terms like parent chain, child chain, and inter-chain communication describe how these parts work together.
Child chains handle transactions at the same time. When they finish, they send summaries or results to the parent chain. The parent chain records these, helping the network keep one main history. Since child chains can use different rules, developers can adjust each one for speed, cost, or features without changing the parent chain.
Shifting routine tasks away from the parent chain reduces congestion and lowers fees. Processing in parallel across child chains increases the number of transactions, so systems respond faster. Allowing child chains to choose their own consensus methods also lets teams balance speed and decentralization based on what they need.
The parent chain provides the main security. Child chains get some of this security because their state is regularly linked back to the parent. However, adding more chains can increase the risk of bugs or mistakes. The system needs clear rules for moving information between chains and settling disputes to prevent errors or fraud.
Nested systems often use protocols for communication between chains, light proofs or rollups to compress child-chain data, and ways to move tokens or data between layers. Teams also set rules for when transactions are final and how often child chains send updates to the parent chain. These choices affect speed, cost, and how easy it is to fix mistakes.
Projects that need lots of small, quick transactions or custom setups can benefit from nested designs. Examples are in-game economies, micropayments, and business apps that need to follow specific rules for each chain. Similar ideas are used in layer-two solutions for big blockchains and in special sidechain projects.
Adding more layers helps the system handle more activity but also makes it more complex. Developers have to manage more parts, and users may need to take extra steps to move assets between chains. There are also concerns about decentralization and how regulators might see these setups. Weighing these trade-offs is important when deciding if nested architecture is right for a project.
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