Dencun Definition

Dencun is an Ethereum network upgrade that bundles two coordinated changes: Deneb on the consensus layer and Cancun on the execution layer. The goal is better scalability and cheaper data handling, especially for layer 2 rollups that settle back to Ethereum.

Name and scope

The word “Dencun” is a portmanteau of Deneb and Cuncun. It signals that the release touches both halves of Ethereum’s architecture, not just one side. Deneb relates to how validators reach agreement, while Cancun relates to how transactions are executed.

Activation

Dencun went live on March 13, 2024, at Ethereum epoch 269,568. The rollout began around 1:55 pm UTC and finalized shortly after.

Key change: proto-danksharding and “blob” data

Dencun’s headline feature is proto-danksharding (EIP-4844). It adds a new kind of transaction that carries data blobs. Blobs hold large batches of rollup data off the main chain for a short time, which frees up block space and helps cut costs for users on layer 2 networks. Verification uses commitments so nodes can check blob integrity without storing the full contents forever.

Why it matters for fees and throughput

By moving rollup data into blobs, the upgrade is designed to make L2 transactions far cheaper and improve the overall capacity of the Ethereum ecosystem. That change aims to boost the adoption of applications that rely on rollups, like DeFi and NFTs.

Other proposals included

Alongside EIP-4844, the upgrade shipped several additional Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs). Highlights include EIP-4788 for safer coordination between the consensus and execution layers, EIP-6780 to limit how contracts can self-destruct, plus changes that improve contract efficiency and validator operations.

Place in the roadmap

Dencun is a stepping stone toward full danksharding. It arrived about a year after the Shanghai or “Shapella” release, and it fits into the scaling phase of Ethereum’s long-term plan. Shard chains are no longer on the roadmap, so blob-based data availability is the path forward.